{"id":27081,"date":"2023-01-08T21:32:46","date_gmt":"2023-01-08T20:32:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.marjanka.at\/aktuality-sk\/alte-traditionen-in-der-neuen-welt-weihnachten\/"},"modified":"2025-07-23T21:47:25","modified_gmt":"2025-07-23T19:47:25","slug":"stare-tradicie-v-novom-svete-vianoce","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.marjanka.at\/sk\/aktuality-sk\/stare-tradicie-v-novom-svete-vianoce\/","title":{"rendered":"Star\u00e9 trad\u00edcie v novom svete: Vianoce"},"content":{"rendered":"

Autorka: Helena Kram\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e1<\/p>\n

V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti spolo\u010dnos\u0165 prech\u00e1dza mnoh\u00fdmi zmenami, s ktor\u00fdmi sa predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face gener\u00e1cie nestretli. Ka\u017ed\u00fd je ovplyvnen\u00fd m\u00e9diami a v\u0161adepr\u00edtomnou globaliz\u00e1ciou. Takto sa oslabuje osobitos\u0165 p\u00f4vodn\u00fdch kult\u00far medzi my\u0161lienkov\u00fdmi pr\u00fadmi a vrstvami spolo\u010dnosti. Najm\u00e4 vo ve\u013ek\u00fdch ve\u013ekomestsk\u00fdch aglomer\u00e1ci\u00e1ch sa v\u010faka migr\u00e1cii stret\u00e1va, mie\u0161a a vz\u00e1jomne ovplyv\u0148uje ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo kult\u00far. Tane\u010dn\u00fd, hudobn\u00fd a jazykov\u00fd spolok Marj\u00e1nka sa venuje nielen folkl\u00f3ru a aktivit\u00e1m pre deti a ml\u00e1de\u017e, ale aj zachov\u00e1vaniu a odovzd\u00e1vaniu \u010desk\u00fdch a slovensk\u00fdch trad\u00edci\u00ed a zvykov. Koncom minul\u00e9ho roka sa rozhodol nahliadnu\u0165 do dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed krajanov \u017eij\u00facich v Rak\u00fasku a prostredn\u00edctvom dotazn\u00edka zisti\u0165 cenn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o trad\u00edci\u00e1ch a zvykoch spojen\u00fdch s adventom a Vianocami.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pojem tradi\u010dn\u00e9 Vianoce je ve\u013emi \u0161irok\u00fd a \u0165a\u017eko definovate\u013en\u00fd, preto\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd si zvy\u010dajne predstav\u00ed trad\u00edcie spojen\u00e9 s viano\u010dn\u00fdmi sviatkami, ktor\u00e9 si pam\u00e4t\u00e1 z detstva alebo ktor\u00e9 akt\u00edvne udr\u017eiava vo svojej rodine. Predstava tradi\u010dn\u00fdch Vianoc je v\u0161ak ovplyvnen\u00e1 aj v\u0161adepr\u00edtomnou reklamou a filmovou produkciou \u2013 dom\u00e1cou aj hollywoodskou. V nich sa obraz Vianoc sp\u00e1ja s idylickou atmosf\u00e9rou a \u010dasto s trad\u00edciami, ktor\u00e9 poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z anglosask\u00e9ho sveta. Ako v\u0161ak vyzeraj\u00fa Vianoce v rodin\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 sa pres\u0165ahovali z \u010ceska a Slovenska do Rak\u00faska? Ktor\u00e9 trad\u00edcie a zvyky rodiny dodr\u017eiavaj\u00fa a ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 ob\u013e\u00faben\u00e9?<\/p>\n

\u010cas pr\u00edpravy na Vianoce \u2013 advent \u2013 je spojen\u00fd s viacer\u00fdmi trad\u00edciami. Najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edm z nich je pletenie alebo kupovanie adventn\u00e9ho venca so \u0161tyrmi svie\u010dkami, ktor\u00e9 symbolizuj\u00fa \u0161tyri adventn\u00e9 t\u00fd\u017edne. Ka\u017ed\u00fa adventn\u00fa nede\u013eu sa zapa\u013euje jedna svie\u010dka a svetl\u00e1 sa postupne zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161uj\u00fa, \u010do nazna\u010duje bl\u00ed\u017eiace sa Vianoce. Adventn\u00fd veniec sa nach\u00e1dza v dom\u00e1cnostiach 90 % respondentov. Dve tretiny respondentov po\u010das adventu tie\u017e p\u00edsali alebo p\u00ed\u0161u list Je\u017ei\u0161kovi spolu so svojimi de\u0165mi. Na \u0160tedr\u00fd de\u0148 naj\u010dastej\u0161ie nos\u00ed dar\u010deky aj Santa Claus alebo Je\u017ei\u0161ko. Ved\u013ea nich s\u00fa to aj Christkind a rodi\u010dia. Len v troch percent\u00e1ch pr\u00edpadov sa dar\u010deky ned\u00e1vaj\u00fa v\u00f4bec alebo ich dost\u00e1vaj\u00fa len deti od svojich rodi\u010dov. Viano\u010dn\u00e9 cukrovie, ktor\u00e9 svojou v\u00f4\u0148ou tvor\u00ed neoddelite\u013en\u00fa s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 viano\u010dnej atmosf\u00e9ry, sa vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadov pe\u010die doma pod\u013ea tradi\u010dn\u00fdch rodinn\u00fdch receptov, pribli\u017ene dve p\u00e4tiny respondentov sk\u00fa\u0161aj\u00fa nov\u00e9 a jedna p\u00e4tina kupuje u\u017e upe\u010den\u00e9 cukrovie.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Preva\u017en\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina respondentov sa na \u0161tedrove\u010dern\u00fd st\u00f4l sl\u00e1vnostne oblieka a ako pr\u00edlohu k vypr\u00e1\u017ean\u00e9mu kaprovi alebo inej rybe si d\u00e1va polievku \u2013 naj\u010dastej\u0161ie rybiu, kapustov\u00fa, hrachov\u00fa, \u0161o\u0161ovicov\u00fa alebo hubov\u00fa (v zostupnom porad\u00ed pod\u013ea frekvencie) a zemiakov\u00fd \u0161al\u00e1t s majon\u00e9zou (80 %), pr\u00edpadne ako pr\u00edlohu k vypr\u00e1\u017ean\u00e9mu kaprovi alebo inej rybe. Tretina respondentov si namiesto ryby so zemiakov\u00fdm \u0161al\u00e1tom d\u00e1va vypr\u00e1\u017ean\u00fd steak a niektor\u00ed respondenti pripravuj\u00fa oboje. Za zmienku stoj\u00ed aj viedensk\u00fd zemiakov\u00fd \u0161al\u00e1t ako alternat\u00edva \u0161al\u00e1tu s majon\u00e9zou. Slovensk\u00ed respondenti uv\u00e1dzali najm\u00e4 boba\u010dky (tie\u017e opekance s makom alebo p\u00fa\u010dikmi) a pirohy. K \u0161tedrove\u010dernej ve\u010deri Slov\u00e1kov \u017eij\u00facich v Rak\u00fasku patria aj viano\u010dn\u00e9 obl\u00e1tky s medom a cesnakom. Odch\u00e1dzanie od stola, k\u00fdm v\u0161etci nedojedia, nie je \u017eiaduce. Je to be\u017en\u00e1 prax v \u010desk\u00fdch aj slovensk\u00fdch dom\u00e1cnostiach, s v\u00fdnimkou gazdinej, ktor\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee v niektor\u00fdch rodin\u00e1ch od\u00eds\u0165 od stola.<\/p>\n

Okrem jedla a dar\u010dekov pod ozdoben\u00fdm strom\u010dekom sa \u0160tedr\u00fd ve\u010der sp\u00e1ja s mnoh\u00fdmi r\u00f4znymi zvykmi a trad\u00edciami, ktor\u00e9 mali \u013eu\u010fom na prelome rokov uk\u00e1za\u0165, ak\u00fdm smerom sa bude ubera\u0165 ten nadch\u00e1dzaj\u00faci, pokia\u013e ide o hojnos\u0165, zdravie a vz\u0165ahy. V niektor\u00fdch rodin\u00e1ch sa v\u0161etci postia po ra\u0148ajk\u00e1ch a\u017e do ve\u010dere, aby na oblohe videli zlat\u00e9 prasiatko, symbol hojnosti. Aj dve spom\u00ednan\u00e9 polievky \u2013 hrachov\u00e1 a \u0161o\u0161ovicov\u00e1 \u2013 mali prinies\u0165 dostatok pe\u0148az\u00ed. V niektor\u00fdch regi\u00f3noch s\u00fa tieto polievky s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou novoro\u010dn\u00e9ho jedla. \u010eal\u0161ou trad\u00edciou, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 zabezpe\u010di\u0165 dostatok financi\u00ed, je \u0161upina z kapra ukryt\u00e1 pod obrusom alebo tanierom. Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie spom\u00ednan\u00fdm zvykom v dotazn\u00edku je kr\u00e1janie jablka \u2013 takto na\u0161i predkovia ve\u0161tili, \u010di bud\u00fa zdrav\u00ed, chor\u00ed alebo dokonca zomr\u00fa. Dnes sa v\u0161ak naj\u010dastej\u0161ie te\u0161\u00edme z pr\u00edtomnosti hviezdy, ktor\u00e1 sa vytvor\u00ed z jadra po jeho rozkrojen\u00ed. Ve\u013emi ob\u013e\u00faben\u00e9 je aj p\u00fa\u0161\u0165anie orechov\u00fdch \u0161krup\u00edn so svie\u010dkou na vodu, aby sa uk\u00e1zalo, \u010di bud\u00fa \u010dlenovia rodiny spolu. Jmelie je pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 aj v domoch krajanov, naj\u010dastej\u0161ie vis\u00ed na lustri. Jmelie, ide\u00e1lne darovan\u00e9 ako dar\u010dek, m\u00e1 do domu prinies\u0165 \u0161\u0165astie, l\u00e1sku a plodnos\u0165. Tento zvyk m\u00e1 pohansk\u00e9 korene a bol ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fd u star\u00fdch Slovanov, Germ\u00e1nov a Keltov.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadov spievaj\u00fa \u010desk\u00e9 a slovensk\u00e9 rodiny \u010desk\u00e9 a slovensk\u00e9 koledy, niekedy aj nemeck\u00e9 koledy. Niektor\u00e9 rodiny si chodia po betlehemsk\u00e9 svetlo, ktor\u00e9 sa potom pou\u017e\u00edva na zap\u00e1lenie svie\u010dok na sl\u00e1vnostnom stole a tie\u017e na \u010d\u00edtanie viano\u010dn\u00e9ho pr\u00edbehu po ve\u010deri alebo pri jasli\u010dk\u00e1ch. Pribli\u017ene 43 % respondentov chod\u00ed na polno\u010dn\u00fa om\u0161u alebo si pozrie\u0165 betlehem v kostole. Len mal\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 respondentov uviedla, \u017ee Vianoce s\u00fa neodmyslite\u013ene spojen\u00e9 so sviato\u010dn\u00fdmi bohoslu\u017ebami. Naopak, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u2013 viac ako 85 % \u2013 uviedla, \u017ee na Vianoce pozeraj\u00fa rozpr\u00e1vky v\u0161etci spolo\u010dne, a to \u010dastej\u0161ie ako po\u010das zvy\u0161ku roka.<\/p>\n

K sviato\u010dn\u00fdm d\u0148om patria aj po\u010detn\u00e9 n\u00e1v\u0161tevy rodiny a priate\u013eov. Zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee necel\u00fdch 30 % tr\u00e1vi cel\u00e9 Vianoce, Silvestra a Nov\u00fd rok v Rak\u00fasku, 54 % nav\u0161tevuje rodinu na Slovensku a v \u010ceskej republike, 16 % tam tr\u00e1vi cel\u00e9 sviatky a len mal\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 nenav\u0161tevuje pr\u00edbuzn\u00fdch, ale len hory. Krajania si nevedia predstavi\u0165 Vianoce bez rodiny, sladkost\u00ed a tradi\u010dn\u00fdch jed\u00e1l, rozpr\u00e1vok a dar\u010dekov (v tomto porad\u00ed). Potom bez viano\u010dn\u00e9ho strom\u010deka, viano\u010dn\u00fdch trhov, n\u00e1v\u0161tev pr\u00edbuzn\u00fdch a stresu.<\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1ver mal\u00e1 \u0161tatistika: Na dotazn\u00edk odpovedalo 99 respondentov, ktor\u00fdch materinsk\u00fdm jazykom je \u010de\u0161tina (75 %), sloven\u010dina (20 %) a nem\u010dina (5 %). Dve tretiny v\u0161etk\u00fdch respondentov tvorili \u017eeny a jednu tretinu mu\u017ei. Zast\u00fapen\u00e9 boli v\u0161etky vekov\u00e9 skupiny, ale najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed po\u010det tvorili dospel\u00ed v produkt\u00edvnom veku.<\/p>\n

\u010eakujeme v\u0161etk\u00fdm respondentom za ich ochotu a \u010das, ktor\u00fd venovali vyplneniu dotazn\u00edka!<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Autorka: Helena Kram\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e1 V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti spolo\u010dnos\u0165 prech\u00e1dza mnoh\u00fdmi zmenami, s ktor\u00fdmi sa predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face gener\u00e1cie nestretli. Ka\u017ed\u00fd je ovplyvnen\u00fd m\u00e9diami a v\u0161adepr\u00edtomnou globaliz\u00e1ciou. Takto sa oslabuje osobitos\u0165 p\u00f4vodn\u00fdch kult\u00far medzi my\u0161lienkov\u00fdmi pr\u00fadmi a vrstvami spolo\u010dnosti. Najm\u00e4 vo ve\u013ek\u00fdch ve\u013ekomestsk\u00fdch aglomer\u00e1ci\u00e1ch sa v\u010faka migr\u00e1cii stret\u00e1va, mie\u0161a a vz\u00e1jomne ovplyv\u0148uje ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo kult\u00far. Tane\u010dn\u00fd, hudobn\u00fd a jazykov\u00fd spolok […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"class_list":["post-27081","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-aktuality-sk"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marjanka.at\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27081","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marjanka.at\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marjanka.at\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marjanka.at\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marjanka.at\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27081"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.marjanka.at\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27081\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27090,"href":"https:\/\/www.marjanka.at\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27081\/revisions\/27090"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marjanka.at\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27081"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marjanka.at\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27081"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}