Pojem \u201etradi\u010dn\u00ed V\u00e1noce\u201c je velmi \u0161irok\u00fd a t\u011b\u017eko definovateln\u00fd, nebo\u0165 si pod n\u00edm zpravidla ka\u017ed\u00fd vybav\u00ed tradice spojen\u00e9 s v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edmi sv\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 si pamatuje z d\u011btstv\u00ed nebo kter\u00e9 ve sv\u00e9 rodin\u011b aktivn\u011b udr\u017euje. P\u0159edstava tradi\u010dn\u00edch V\u00e1noc je ov\u0161em tak\u00e9 ovlivn\u011bna v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomnou reklamou a filmovou produkc\u00ed \u2013 dom\u00e1c\u00ed i hollywoodskou. V t\u011bch je obraz v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch sv\u00e1tk\u016f spojen s\u00a0idylickou atmosf\u00e9rou a \u010dasto i s\u00a0tradicemi, kter\u00e9 vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z anglosask\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. Jak ale vypadaj\u00ed V\u00e1noce v\u00a0rodin\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 se z\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republiky a Slovenska p\u0159est\u011bhovaly do Rakouska? Kter\u00e9 tradice a zvyky si rodiny uchovaly a uchov\u00e1vaj\u00ed i nad\u00e1le a kter\u00e9 z nich se t\u011b\u0161\u00ed obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 velk\u00e9 oblib\u011b?<\/p>\n
\u010cas p\u0159\u00edpravy na V\u00e1noce \u2013 advent \u2013 je spojen s n\u011bkolika tradicemi. Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z nich je v\u00fdroba \u010di zakoupen\u00ed adventn\u00edho v\u011bnce opat\u0159en\u00e9ho \u010dty\u0159mi sv\u00edcemi, kter\u00e9 symbolizuj\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i t\u00fddny trvaj\u00edc\u00ed advent. O ka\u017ed\u00e9 adventn\u00ed ned\u011bli se zap\u00e1l\u00ed jedna sv\u00edce, sv\u011btla postupn\u011b p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1, a to ukazuje na bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se V\u00e1noce. Adventn\u00ed v\u011bnec nalezneme v domovech 90 % respondent\u016f. Dv\u011b t\u0159etiny dot\u00e1zan\u00fdch tak\u00e9 v dob\u011b adventn\u00ed psaly nebo s d\u011btmi p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed dopis Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161kovi.\u00a0Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ek<\/em>\u00a0\u010di\u00a0Je\u017ei\u0161ko<\/em>\u00a0nej\u010dast\u011bji nos\u00ed na \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd den d\u00e1rky. Vedle nich je to tak\u00e9\u00a0Christkind<\/em>\u00a0a rodi\u010de. Pouze ve t\u0159ech procentech p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f se d\u00e1rky ned\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u016fbec nebo je od rodi\u010d\u016f dostanou pouze d\u011bti. V\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed cukrov\u00ed, kter\u00e9 svou v\u016fn\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed ned\u00edlnou \u010d\u00e1st v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ry, se ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f pe\u010de doma podle tradi\u010dn\u00edch rodinn\u00fdch recept\u016f, zhruba dv\u011b p\u011btiny dot\u00e1zan\u00fdch zkou\u0161\u00ed nov\u00e9 a jedna p\u011btina kupuje cukrov\u00ed ji\u017e upe\u010den\u00e9.<\/p>\n Ke \u0161t\u011bdrove\u010dern\u00ed tabuli se naprost\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina respondent\u016f obl\u00e9k\u00e1 sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u011b a m\u00edv\u00e1 pol\u00e9vku \u2013 nej\u010dast\u011bji ryb\u00ed, zelnou, hrachovou, \u010do\u010dkovou nebo houbovou (\u0159azeno dle \u010detnosti sestupn\u011b) a bramborov\u00fd sal\u00e1t s majon\u00e9zou (80 %) jako p\u0159\u00edlohu ke kapru \u010di jin\u00e9 ryb\u011b (80 %). V\u011bt\u0161ina dot\u00e1zan\u00fdch p\u0159ipravuje rybu sma\u017eenou v trojobalu av\u0161ak \u010d\u00e1st pouze na m\u00e1sle. Jedna t\u0159etina dot\u00e1zan\u00fdch m\u00e1 m\u00edsto ryby k bramborov\u00e9mu sal\u00e1tu sma\u017een\u00fd \u0159\u00edzek, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed respondenti p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed oboj\u00ed. Za zm\u00ednku stoj\u00ed tak\u00e9 v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00fd bramborov\u00fd sal\u00e1t jako alternativa k sal\u00e1tu s majon\u00e9zou. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm sloven\u0161t\u00ed respondenti uvedli d\u00e1le pirohy a opekance (t\u00e9\u017e boba\u010dky, bob\u00e1\u013eky, pup\u00e1ky \u010di pup\u00e1\u010diky). Opekance jsou mal\u00e9 kuli\u010dky z\u202fkynut\u00e9ho t\u011bsta pe\u010den\u00e9 tak, \u017ee jsou k\u202fsob\u011b jemn\u011b p\u0159itla\u010den\u00e9. Tradi\u010dn\u011b se pol\u00e9vaj\u00ed hork\u00fdm ml\u00e9kem a posyp\u00e1vaj\u00ed se mlet\u00fdmi o\u0159echy, m\u00e1kem nebo tvarohem. Kynut\u00e9 t\u011bsto, kter\u00e9 nab\u00fdv\u00e1 symbolizovalo v\u202flidov\u00e9 tradici hojnost. Na \u010desk\u00fdch sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edch tabul\u00edch se z\u202fn\u011bj p\u0159ipravuje v\u00e1no\u010dka. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0161t\u011bdrove\u010dern\u00ed ve\u010de\u0159e jsou pro Slov\u00e1ky \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v Rakousku tak\u00e9 v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed oplatky s medem a \u010desnekem. Odch\u00e1zen\u00ed od stolu, dokud v\u0161ichni nedojedli, nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed. To je spole\u010dn\u00fdm rysem v\u202fdom\u00e1cnostech \u010cech\u016f i\u202fSlov\u00e1k\u016f, v n\u011bkter\u00fdch rodin\u00e1ch m\u00e1 v\u00fdjimku hospodyn\u011b, kter\u00e1 od stolu vst\u00e1t sm\u00ed.<\/p>\n \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd ve\u010der se krom j\u00eddla a d\u00e1rk\u016f pod nazdoben\u00fdm strome\u010dkem poj\u00ed s mnoha rozli\u010dn\u00fdmi zvyky a oby\u010deji, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly na sklonu roku uk\u00e1zat lidem, jak\u00fdm sm\u011brem se v ot\u00e1zce hojnosti, zdrav\u00ed a vztah\u016f bude ub\u00edrat ten nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch rodin\u00e1ch se v\u0161ichni po sn\u00eddani a\u017e do ve\u010de\u0159e post\u00ed, aby vid\u011bli na obloze\u00a0zlat\u00e9 pras\u00e1tko<\/em>, symbol hojnosti. Tak\u00e9 dv\u011b v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 pol\u00e9vky \u2013 hrachov\u00e1 a \u010do\u010dkov\u00e1 \u2013 maj\u00ed zajistit dostatek pen\u011bz. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch regionech jsou pr\u00e1v\u011b tyto pol\u00e9vky sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed novoro\u010dn\u00edho ob\u011bda. Dal\u0161\u00ed z tradic zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch hojnost pen\u011bz je \u0161upina z kapra ukryt\u00e1 pod ubrusem nebo tal\u00ed\u0159em. Nej\u010dast\u011bji uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdm zvykem v dotazn\u00edku je rozkrajov\u00e1n\u00ed jablka \u2013 t\u00edm na\u0161i p\u0159edkov\u00e9 v\u011b\u0161tili, zda budou zdrav\u00ed, nemocn\u00ed nebo je dokonce zastihne smrt. Dnes se v\u0161ak nej\u010dast\u011bji po rozkrojen\u00ed t\u011b\u0161\u00edme z p\u0159\u00edtomnosti hv\u011bzdi\u010dky, kterou vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed j\u00e1d\u0159inec. Velmi obl\u00edben\u00e9 je tak\u00e9 pou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed sko\u0159\u00e1pek o\u0159ech\u016f se sv\u00ed\u010dkou po vod\u011b, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 uk\u00e1zat, zda budou \u010dlenov\u00e9 rodiny pospolu. V dom\u00e1cnostech krajan\u016f nechyb\u00ed ani jmel\u00ed zav\u011b\u0161en\u00e9 nej\u010dast\u011bji na lustru. Jmel\u00ed, v ide\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b darovan\u00e9, m\u00e1 do domu p\u0159in\u00e9st \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, l\u00e1sku a plodnost. Tento zvyk m\u00e1 p\u0159edk\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 ko\u0159eny a t\u011b\u0161il se oblib\u011b u star\u00fdch Slovan\u016f, Germ\u00e1n\u016f ale i Kelt\u016f.<\/p>\n Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f se v \u010desk\u00fdch a slovensk\u00fdch rodin\u00e1ch zp\u00edvaj\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 a slovensk\u00e9 koledy, n\u011bkde tak\u00e9 n\u011bmeck\u00e9. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z rodin si chod\u00ed pro betl\u00e9msk\u00e9 sv\u011btlo, kter\u00fdm se pak zapaluj\u00ed mimo jin\u00e9 sv\u00ed\u010dky u sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed tabule a tak\u00e9 \u010dtou po ve\u010de\u0159i \u010di u jesli\u010dek biblick\u00fd v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh. Na p\u016flno\u010dn\u00ed m\u0161i \u010di pod\u00edvat se na betl\u00e9m v kostele chod\u00ed zhruba 43 % dot\u00e1zan\u00fdch. Pouze jednotky respondent\u016f uvedly, \u017ee jsou pro n\u011b V\u00e1noce neodmysliteln\u011b spojeny se sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edmi bohoslu\u017ebami. Naopak v\u011bt\u0161ina \u2013 p\u0159es 85 % \u2013 odpov\u011bd\u011bla, \u017ee se o V\u00e1noc\u00edch v\u0161ichni spole\u010dn\u011b d\u00edvaj\u00ed na poh\u00e1dky, a to v\u00edce ne\u017e b\u011bhem cel\u00e9ho roku.<\/p>\n Ke sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edm dn\u016fm pat\u0159\u00ed tak\u00e9 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed rodiny a p\u0159\u00e1tel. Pouze necel\u00fdch 30 % krajan\u016f tr\u00e1v\u00ed cel\u00e9 V\u00e1noce, Silvestra a Nov\u00fd rok v Rakousku, 54 % nav\u0161t\u011bvuje rodinu na Slovensku a v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice, 16 % tam tr\u00e1v\u00ed cel\u00e9 sv\u00e1tky a jen nepatrn\u00fd zlomek tam nejezd\u00ed za p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdmi, n\u00fdbr\u017e jen na hory. V\u00e1noce si krajan\u00e9 neum\u011bj\u00ed p\u0159edstavit bez rodiny, cukrov\u00ed a tradi\u010dn\u00edho j\u00eddla, poh\u00e1dek a d\u00e1rk\u016f (v tomto po\u0159ad\u00ed). D\u00e1le pak bez strome\u010dku, v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch trh\u016f, n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch a stresu.<\/p>\n Na z\u00e1v\u011br mal\u00e1 statistika: Dotazn\u00edk zodpov\u011bd\u011blo 99 respondent\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed za sv\u016fj mate\u0159sk\u00fd jazyk \u010de\u0161tinu (75 %), sloven\u0161tinu (20 %), a n\u011bm\u010dinu (5 %). Dv\u011b t\u0159etiny v\u0161ech dot\u00e1zan\u00fdch p\u0159edstavovaly \u017eeny a jednu t\u0159etinu mu\u017ei. Zastoupeny byly v\u0161echny v\u011bkov\u00e9 kategorie, nejv\u00edce v\u0161ak bylo dosp\u011bl\u00fdch v produktivn\u00edm v\u011bku.<\/p>\n D\u011bkujeme v\u0161em respondent\u016fm za ochotu i za \u010das, kter\u00fd str\u00e1vili vypln\u011bn\u00edm dotazn\u00edku!<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Autorka: Helena Stella Kram\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e1 V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b doch\u00e1z\u00ed ve spole\u010dnosti k mnoh\u00fdm prom\u011bn\u00e1m, s nimi\u017e se p\u0159edchoz\u00ed generace nesetkaly. Na ka\u017ed\u00e9ho z n\u00e1s maj\u00ed vliv m\u00e9dia a v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e1 globalizace. Mezi my\u0161lenkov\u00fdmi proudy a vrstvami spole\u010dnosti tak doch\u00e1z\u00ed k oslabov\u00e1n\u00ed vyhran\u011bnosti p\u016fvodn\u00edch kultur. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ve velk\u00fdch metropol\u00edch se jich d\u00edky migraci setk\u00e1v\u00e1 velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed, prol\u00ednaj\u00ed se […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"class_list":["post-27080","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-aktuality-cs"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marjanka.at\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27080","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marjanka.at\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marjanka.at\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marjanka.at\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marjanka.at\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27080"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.marjanka.at\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27080\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27086,"href":"https:\/\/www.marjanka.at\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27080\/revisions\/27086"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marjanka.at\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27080"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marjanka.at\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27080"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.marjanka.at\/media\/adventskranz.jpg\")
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